Personality development is the relatively enduring pattern of the thoughts, feelings, and. One of the main elements of erikson s psychosocial stage theory is the development 1of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. Erikson s comprehensive theory of human development has been empirically validated by personality r esearchers who have taken a status approach to the adult stages of the life cycle. It tries to inhibit the impulses of the id, especially sexual and aggressive ones. Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order. The first stage the first stage, infancy or the oralsensory stage, is approximately the first year or year and a half of life. Erik erikson was an ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development. The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals pdf. Erik erikson psychosocial stages simply psychology. These aporia seriously infect such contemporary approaches as object relations theory, attachment theory, and cognitive behavioral theory. The science of personality development lesley university. Parental behavior is crucial to normal and abnormal.
Erik erikson 1950, 1963 does not talk about psychosexual stages, he discusses psychosocial stages. Unlike freuds theory of psychosexual stages, erikson s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Learn about some of psychologys most prominent thinkers major theories of personality formation and development. According to erikson s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle 2. The evolutionary theory of personality development is primarily based on the evolutionary process of natural selection. Pdf eriksonian personality research and its implications. The influence of early experience on personality development. As freud stated, the ego is similar to a battlefield where the armies of the id and the superego continually clash freud, 1960, p. The fifth stage of erik eriksons theory of psychosocial development is identity vs. Erik erikson j theory ofldentity development erik erikson 19021994 the developmental sequence of the wellknown eight stages of man. His ideas were greatly influenced by freud, going along with freuds 1923 theory regarding the structure and topography of personality. Personality development depends on the interplay of instinct and environment during the first five years of life. Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development education. Much like sigmund freud, erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages.
Erikson s psychosocial theory of development considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. However, whereas freud was an id psychologist, erikson was an ego psychologist. In his well known stage theory of psychosexual development, freud suggested that personality develops in stages that are related to specific erogenous zones. During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Movement upward along the diagonal axis represents normal development and shows the successive differentiation of the original undifferentiated structure, and thus represents increasingly more ma. When considering these two stageoriented theories, you can directly compare the majority of their stages. Even though freuds theory is better known, eriksons theory remains a leading and very much applied model in personality and developmental psychology today.
While his theory was impacted by psychoanalyst sigmund freuds work, eriksons theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. The task is to develop trust without completely eliminating the capacity for mistrust. Erikson emphasized that the ego makes positive contributions to development by mastering attitudes, ideas, and skills at each stage of development. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial theory of psychosexual development and modified it as a psychosocial theory.
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