Cities and municipalities are therefore at the frontline of adaptation. Agroforestry and climate change food and agriculture. However, careful attention is necessary to mitigate the substantial environmental and social. Present situation describe the present situation in relation to co 2 emissions, including any relevant disadvantages or constraints resulting from historical, geographical andor socioeconomic factors which may have. These include projects where the money has been used to fund public transport systems to. The agreement will be enforced 30 days after 55 countries ratify the agreement. Climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector frameworks, tools and practices ix 5. Forest, tree and agroforestry systems have an important role to play in both emission reduction and the mitigation of climate change. What people might do to reduce harm of climate change, or make themselves best able to take advantage of climate change. Dcnr climate change mitigation and adaptation plan. The notion of making changes in the way we do things to respond to changes in climate. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Responses to climate change fall into two main types.
Indeed, there is a need to employ the right mix of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies prioritized in space and time so as to reduce vulnerability of biodiversity and humanity to the escalating impacts of climate change. Climate mitigation and adaptation ucar center for science. The current situation in accordance with the covenant of mayors, nijmegen has a co2 reduction objective of 20%. Mitigation refers to any activities that reduce the overall concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Forest, tree and agroforestry systems have an important role to play in.
The impacts of climate change are already evident in japan and around the world. As a member of the 25governor us climate alliance, hawaii continues to lead on climate goals. It can be as complex as a plan for a new city, or as a simple as improvements to a. Topic 3 demonstrates the need and strategic considerations for both adaptation and globalscale mitigation to manage risks from climate change. In december of 2015, all parties of the unfccc reached a climate change mitigation and adaptation agreement, called the paris agreement, in order to keep global temperatures below a 2c increase above preindustrial temperatures. Climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. Mitigation, therefore, attends to the causes of climate change, while a daptation addresses its impacts.
Linking climate change adaptation and mitigation mdpi. Climate resilient pathways are development trajectories that combine adaptation and mitigation to realize the goal of sustainable development. Dcnrs climate change adaptation and mitigation plan pdf developed with the northern institute of applied climate science outlines 123 action steps to be undertaken to make the commonwealth more resilient to potential impacts from a changing climate during 2017, staff members from across all of dcnrs bureaus participated in a. Actions by individuals or systems to avoid, withstand, or take advantage of current and projected climate changes and impacts. Adaptation and mitigation for combating climate change taylor. This information was collated in 2009 by ghd and the southern metropolitan regional council for. For requirements related to climate adaptation please see the safety element. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies already. This policy is applicable to vale and must be reproduced by its direct and indirect subsidiaries in brazil and other. Mitigation addresses the root causes, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation seeks to lower the. While agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, it is also a source of carbon storage in soils. Given the nature of the known impacts of climate change, it is highly desirable to minimise it through efforts that slow down its main driver emissions of ghgs. Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in ethiopia 2. Links between sustainable development and climate change.
Climate change and variability is not only an environmental issue. Feb 27, 2012 there are two main policy responses to climate change. Learn about where climate change solutions begin and nasas role in adaptation and. Climate change adaptation and mitigation pidg project. The potential to adjust in order to minimize negative impact and maximize any benefits from changes in climate is known as adaptive capacity. Mitigation involves actions reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. Autonomous that people do by themselves can be encouraged by public policy command and control tell you to do it. The fourth assessment report ar4 of the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc pointed out that even the most stringent mitigation efforts cannot avoid further impacts of climate change in the next few decades. While climate change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. When it comes to tackling climate change to prevent the impacts it causes in the different systems of the planet, the human being applies two types of measures. In conclusion, the general verdict on hydropower is that it is a cheap and mature technology that contributes significantly to climate change mitigation, and could play an important role in the climate change adaptation of water resource availability. Adaptation to climate risks that can no longer be avoided is an important aspect of the global response to climate change. Adaptation to humaninduced climate change is a new process for all countries, developing and developed, and concrete experience in applying an integrated approach to adaptation is limited. Ethiopias gdp compared to a baseline scenario by 26% by 2015, and by up to 10% by 2045.
Adaptation and mitigation differ in terms of spatial scales. Climate change impacts and adaptation november 2018 the costs of adapting are less than the cost of doing business as usual. Climate change is not a morality tale set in the dystopian future, its already here. Humans have always adapted to changing climatic conditions, and. The city of melbourne is proud to be part of a local and international movement of cities that will act to reduce emissions and to address climate change impacts. Pdf handbook of climate change mitigation and adaptation, 2nd.
This paper describes an urban integrated assessment facility developed by the tyndall centre for climate change research. Mitigation measures are those actions that are taken to reduce and curb greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation measures are based on reducing vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Climate change adaptation and mitigation food and agriculture. However, methane, for example, contributes to climate change much more per molecule than carbon dioxide. Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation for sustainable risk. Adaptation and mitigation also differ in terms of temporal scales and concerned economic sectors tol 2005. Natural resources management and environment department, fao. Its quite unlikely that we will be able to clean up the extra greenhouse gases and halt climate change entirely through mitigation efforts. The handbook was extended to also cover, apart from climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation as one can witness increasing initiatives to cope with the phenomenon. Science for generating policy options in rajasthan, india dr. The role of hydropower in climate change mitigation and. Enabling rapid transitions in mitigation and adaptation.
Building on these insights, topic 4 presents nearterm response options that could help achieve such strategic goals. Adaptation involves responding to the changes induced as a result of climate change. In the absence of national or international climate policy direction, cities and local communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate problems. Handbook of climate change mitigation and adaptation springerlink. Its aim is to reduce future climate change by slowing the rate of increase in or even reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. This objective is laid down in our climate policy and therewith also in the nijmegen energy covenant.
There are two main policy responses to climate change. The epa defines adaptation as a process to anticipate and prepare for 51 climate impacts. Climateresilient pathways are development trajectories that combine adaptation and mitigation to realize the goal of sustainable development. Technologies to support climate change adaptation 2 box 1. Mitigation involves the reduction in emissions of any greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Climate change is a longterm trend, but with wise planning and risk mitigation now, we can reduce adverse impacts downrange. Mitigation reducing climate change involves reducing the flow of heattrapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport or enhancing the sinks that accumulate and store these gases such as the oceans, forests and soil. Technologies to support climate change adaptation in. The city of melbourne is proud to be part of a local and international movement of cities that will act. There are proving facts for the impact of climate change on various components of the biosphere like air, water, plants, animals and human beings, which, if not acted upon, may lead to catastrophes. Pdf the second edition of this important work covers additional topics of climate change mitigation and adaption strategies. Where possible, anticipatory actions will provide the most costeffective response to reduce risk. Adaptation since climate change is inevitable and some degree of the changes will occur and affect the environment regardless of future mitigation of climate change, some actions should be taken in order to minimize the climate induced risks to the environment, human health, society and economics. The scope of this paper is to identify a strategy for climate change responses.
Given the farranging adverse impacts of climate change, adaptation must be an integral component of an effective strategy to address climate change, along with mitigation. There is extensive scientific evidence that both adaptation and mitigation are essential to address the problem of climate change. Climate change is a global problem that will require global cooperation to address. This information was collated in 2009 by ghd and the southern metropolitan regional council for the southern metropolitan councils including. For more in depth definitions of ghg emissions and resilience refer respectively to the california air resources board climate change scoping plan and the california natural resources agency safeguarding california plan. Mitigation and adaptation solutions climate change. Pdf climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in. Our first step in planning for these challenges is to identify the effects of climate change on the department with tangible and. Synergies between adaptation and mitigation in a nutshell. Nearterm adaptation and mitigation actions will differ across sectors and regions, reflecting development status, response. Dcnrs climate change adaptation and mitigation plan pdf developed with the northern institute of applied climate science outlines 123 action steps to be undertaken to make the commonwealth more resilient to potential impacts from a changing climate. Strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change range from an individual.
It is in this context that dod is releasing a climate change adaptation roadmap. Climate change impacts in the city of kwinana when considering mitigation and adaptation actions it is important to first consider the risks posed by climate change in the region. Autonomous that people do by themselves can be encouraged by public policy command and control tell you to do it incentives subsidies. Observed annual mean temperatures have increased up to 3c since 1900, with the most warming occurring in north asia cruz et al. Climate change mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Now completing its second year in existence, hawaiis climate change mitigation and adaptation commission laid the groundwork for some crucial tipofthespear actions in 2019 to deal with climate change challenges in the state. Impacts, adaptation and mitigation climate change is likely to have significant impacts on the agricultural sector to which farmers will have to adapt. Carbon dioxide is generally used as the base case to which all other gases are compared, as is the case with carbon offset programmes.
However, the attention of policy makers and to a lesser extent the economics profession. The notion of limiting or controlling emissions of greenhouse gases so that the total accumulation is limited. They can be seen as iterative, continually evolving processes for managing change within complex systems. Climate change mitigation and adaptation action plan 2018. The climate change discourse focuses on mitigation and adaptation. Excluding energyintensive industries from ghg emission abatement rules is not economically efficient because it substantially increases. The importance of forests in climate change mitigation and adaptation cannot be overstated. The need to connect climate change adaptation and mitigation with broader assessment of sustainability is becoming increasingly recognised. Both adaptation and mitigation are essential to reduce the impacts of climate change. Climate change mitigation strategy to 2050 1 message from city of melbourne this climate change mitigation strategy is a major commitment to action. The objective of the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, which virtually all nations, including the u.
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